Thursday, June 21, 2018
Famous Nicknames of Eminent Persons
Nationalities of Famous Personalities
List of Famous Founders in The History
Popular Slogans by Famous Personalities
Ranks in Indian Army, Navy and Airforce
The following are the Commissioned ranks in the three services, beginning with the highest rank and going down the order, each rank shown opposite its equivalent in the other services:
Units of Measurement
Units of Measurement
Conversion Factors
| Length | |
|---|---|
| 1 Inch | 2.54 cm |
| 12 inch | 1 Foot |
| 3 Feet | 1 Yard |
| 1 Mile | 1.6 Km |
| 1 Nautical Mile | 1.85 Km |
| Weight | |
| 1 Ounce | 28.35g |
| 16 Ounce | 1 Pound |
| 1 Pound | 454 g |
| 1 Tonne | 1,000 Kg |
| Capacity | |
| 1 Gallon (UK) | 4.55 Litres |
Science and Technology Current Affairs – May 2018
1. World’s First 3D-printed Human corneas:
- Scientists from Newcastle University, UK have come up with an invention which could potentially be a solution for the shortage of eye donors with the development of 3D printed corneas.
- A bio-ink solution with an ingredient of healthy corneal stem mixed with alginate and collagen was used for producing this. The combination helps in keeping the corneal stem cells alive and in the production of material with necessary dimensions.
2. Discovery of Ruthenium:
- Scientists from University of Minnesota, US unearthed a chemical element named Ruthenium(Ru) which could be the fourth element having a distinct magnetic property.
3. World Thyroid Awareness Day:
- World Thyroid Awareness Day is observed on May 25 every year (first observed in 2009) with a motto of controlling Hypothyroidism.
4. Oumuamua:
- An asteroid named ‘Oumuamua’,alias (514107)2015 BZ509 nestling in Jupiter’s orbit was discover. It seems to have migrated from another solar system.
- This discovery seems to have confirmed the speculations by scientists that asteroids from other stars could have landed in our solar system.
5. Grace-Fo:
- Twin satellites named GRACE-FO(Follow-On) was launched by Elon Musk led SpaceX with a mission to track the Earth’s water cycle,water movement and icemelt.
- It was sent to space from Vandenberg Air Force Base in Califonia,US by means of SpaceX’s preflown Falcon 9 Rocket.
- Grace-Fo is a project of NASA in partnership with German Research Center for Geosciences(GFZ).
6. Queqiao:
- Queqiao(Magpie Bridge) is a relay satellite launched by China for building a communication link between earth and its proposed Chang’e-4 lunar probe,which will explore the other side(dark side) of moon.
- It will help in the communications relaying for Change-4 rover’s future exploration in South Pole-Aitken Bas..
- It was sent to space by the application of Long March-4C rocket as a part of Chinese Lunar Exploration Programme.
7. Floating Nuclear Power Plant:
- The world’s First floating nuclear power station named ‘Lomonosov’ was operated at the port city of Murmansk Akademik by Russia.
- It was constructed by Rosatom, which is a Russian state nuclear firm.
- Lomonosov is 144 metres in length and 30 metres in width.It has a capacity to carry 21,500 tones of weight and has a crew of 69 people.
8. Microhyla Kodial:
- A new frog species was discovered in a small industrial region in coastal Karnataka. Its name is Microhyla Kodial and is locally referred as Mangaluru narrow-mouthed frog.
- It is 2 cm in length, greyish brown in color with an olive-green band on its head and a little bit of dark green band on rest of its body.
9. Arsenic sensor and removal media:
- A device for the application of detection and removal of arsenic content from water was designed by the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research(IISER) in collaboration with a private company.
- It can detect soluble arsenic which is difficult to sense and remove.
10. Bangabandhu-1 Satellite:
- Bangabandhu-1, which is incidentally Bangladesh’s first communication satellite will be sent to space from Kennedy Space Center onboard SpaceX’s Falcon 9 rocket .
- It has a capacity of 1600 MHZ by means 40 Ku and C-band transponders and has an estimated life span of 15 years.
11. Google launches Android things for IoT platform:
- A variant of Android operating system for Internet of things (IoT) devices such as smart home applications and other smart machines was launched Google, codenamed as ‘Brillo’.
- It was designed with an aim of enabling IoT machine developers to be built in manner which is prompt, cheap and more secure.
12. Moganite:
- Moganite is a crystal of SiO2, which usually gets formed in earth under precise condition of sedimentary settings from alkaline fluids.
- It was spotted in a desert in northwest Africa by scientists from Tohoku University, Japan.
- The discovery of Moganite is a significant step in the detection of hidden ice under the surface of Moon.
13. Gravity Rat:
- Gravity Rat is a malware supposedly designed by Pakistani Hackers, which was detected by Maharashtra’s Cyber-crime officials.
- This Malware is designed in such a manner to create a long term damage in a system, by being in a hidden state and penetrating deeper.
- Unlike other malware, it is difficult to detect this malware and once it enters a system, it is difficult to ascertain what exactly is leaked by this malware from the system.
14. Apstar:
- APSTAR-6C is a new communication satellite sent into orbit by China from Xichan satellite launch center by application of March-3B carrier rocket.
- It is one of the four operational satellites belonging to Hong Kong based APT Satellite Co. Ltd..
- Its major functions include providing high power transponder services for video distribution, broadband, internet service and cellular backhaul.
15. Insight:
- Insight( Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport) was launched on May,5,2018 by NASA from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California by the application of United Launch Alliance(ULA) Atlas rocket.
- Insight mission is the first mission of NASA after its Apollo moon landings wherein seismometer (quake measuring device) is placed on another planet.
- A technology experiment of NASA, consisting of two mini spacecrafts named Mars Cube One(MarCO) were also launched along with this mission.
Important Committees and Commission in Indian Polity - 1921 to 2018
Acworth Committee:
- Year-1921
- Based on the recommendations of Acworth Committee the Railway Budget was separated from the General Budget in 1921.
Different committees of the Constituent Assembly:
| Name of the committee | Chairman of the committee |
|---|---|
| Union Powers Committee | Jawaharlal Nehru |
| Drafting Committee | Dr. B.R. Ambedkar |
| Union Constitution Committee | Jawaharlal Nehru |
| Provincial Constitution Committee | Sardar Patel |
| Advisory Committee on Fundamental Rights, Minorities and Tribal and Excluded Areas | Sardar Patel |
| Rules of Procedure Committee | Dr. Rajendra Prasad |
| Fundamental Rights Sub-Committee | J.B. Kripalani |
| Minorities Sub-Committee | H.C. Mukherjee |
| North-East Frontier Tribal Areas and Assam Excluded & Partially Excluded Areas Sub- Committee | Gopinath Bardoloi |
| Excluded and Partially Excluded Areas (Other than those in Assam) Sub-Committee | A.V. Thakkar |
| States Committee (Committee for Negotiating with States) | Jawaharlal Nehru |
| Steering Committee | Dr. Rajendra Prasad |
Committees after constitution came into force:
Dhar Commission:
- Year-1948
- Purpose: to study the feasibility of organizing states on Linguistic basis.
- Also known as Linguistic Provinces Commission.
- Recommendation- It recommended the reorganisation of states on the basis of administrative convenience rather than linguistic factor.
JVP Committee:
- Year-1948
- Members- Jawaharlal Nehru, Vallahbhai Patel and Pattabhi Sitaramayya
- Recommendation- It rejected language as the basis for reorganisation of states.
Fazl Ali Commission:
- Year-1953
- Members-Fazal Ali, M Panikkar and H N Kunzru
- Recommendation- It broadly accepted language as the basis of reorganisation of states. But, it rejected the theory of ‘one language–one state’
Balwant Rai Mehta Committee:
- In January 1957, the Government of India appointed a committee to examine the working of the Community Development Programme (1952) and the National Extension Service (1953) and to suggest measures for their better working.
- The committee submitted its report in November 1957 and recommended the establishment of the scheme of ‘democratic decentralisation’, which ultimately came to be known as Panchayati Raj.
Santhanam Committee on Prevention of Corruption1 (1962–64):
- The Committee on Prevention of Corruption with parliamentarian K.Santhanam as the Chairman, four other MPs and two senior officers as members, was appointed by the Government of India in 1962
- Based on the recommendations of Santhanam Committee Central Vigilance Commission was appointed in 1964
- The establishment of the CBI was recommended by the Santhanam Committee on Prevention of Corruption (1962 -1964).
Rural-Urban Relationship Committee:
- The Rural-Urban Relationship Committee (1963–66) headed by A P Jain recommended that small town area committees should be merged with the panchayati raj institutions to avoid multiplicity in the pattern of local bodies
Rajamannar Committee:
- Year-1969
- Appointed by- Tamil Nadu Government
- Purpose: To examine the entire question of Centre–state relations and to suggest amendments to the Constitution so as to secure utmost autonomy to the states.
Tarkunde Committee:
- Tarkunde Committee was appointed in 1974 by Jaya Prakash Narayan (JP) during his “Total Revolution” movement. This unofficial committee submitted its report in 1975.
Swaran Singh Committee:
- Year-1976
- Purpose- To make recommendations about fundamental duties
- Recommendation- It suggested the incorporation of eight Fundamental Duties in the Constitution but the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act (1976) included ten Fundamental Duties.
Ashok Mehta Committee:
- In December 1977, the Janata Government appointed a committee on panchayati raj institutions under the chairmanship of Ashok Mehta. It submitted its report in August 1978 and made 132 recommendations to revive and strengthen the declining panchayati raj system in the country.
Hanumantha Rao Committee:
- Hanumantha Rao Committee on district level planning, appointed by Planning Commission in September 1982.
G V K Rao Committee:
- The Committee on Administrative Arrangement for Rural Development and Poverty Alleviation Programmes under the chairmanship of G.V.K. Rao was appointed by the Planning Commission in 1985.
L M Singhvi Committee:
- In 1986, Rajiv Gandhi government appointed a committee on ‘Revitalisation of Panchayati Raj Institutions for Democracy and Development’ under the chairmanship of L M Singhvi
Ram Nandan Committee:
- The Committee was appointed to identify the creamy layer among the OBCs. It submitted its report in 1993, which was accepted.
Indrajit Gupta committee:
- In 1998, the BJP-led Government appointed an eight-member committee on state funding of elections under the chairmanship of Indrajit Gupta, a former Home Minister. The committee submitted its report in 1999. It upheld the argument for introduction of state funding of elections. It stated that state funding of elections is constitutionally and legally justified and is in public interest.
Verma Committee:
- Year-1999
- Purpose-To The Government of India appointed the committee “to operationalise the suggestions to teach Fundamental Duties to the citizens of India” in the year 1998 under the chairmanship of Justice J.S. Verma.
- Result-It identified the existence of legalprovisions for the implementation of some of the Fundamental Duties
National Commission to Review the Working of the Constitution:
- The National Commission to Review the Working of the Constitution (NCRWC) was set up by a resolution of the Government of India in 20001. The 11-member Commission was headed by M.N. Venkatachaliah, the former Chief Justice of India2
Group of Interlocutors for Jammu and Kashmir:
- The Group of Interlocutors for Jammu and Kashmir was appointed by the Central Government in October 2010 under the Chairmanship of the eminent journalist Dileep Padgaonkar. It was tasked to hold-wide – ranging discussions with all sections of opinion in Jammu and Kashmir in order to identify the political contours of a solution to the problems of the state
Committees related to elections:
- Goswami Committee on Electoral Reforms (1990)
- Vohra Committee on the Nexus between Crime and Politics (1993)
- Indrajit Gupta Committee on State Funding of Elections (1998)
- National Commission to Review the Working of the Constitution (2000-2002). It was headedby M.N. Venkatachaliah.
- Second Administrative Reforms Commission of India Report on Ethics in Governance (2007). It was headed by Veerappa Moily.
- Tankha Committee was appointed in 2010 to look into the whole gamut of the election laws and electoral reforms.
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